Positive and negative role of negative ions in cosmic exploration

Introduction/purpose: At altitudes of 80 to 40 km, while the spacecraft made duralumin without a thermal-protective coating was descending from flight orbit at first and second cosmic velocities, data were obtained on increase in density, pressure, temperature behind shock front, as well backout wave surface spacecraft. Methods: Calculations energy fluxes for every 10 convective radiative heat transfer, impact electrons produced due ionization negative ions. Results: velocity, greatest flux is realized under influence an electron flux, transfer occurs. In shock-compressed gas all considered altitudes, pressure increases instantly value 109 ÷ 1011 Pa, which leads sequential explosion with increasing power resulting waves surrounding atmosphere compression entire aircraft structure. The last most powerful occurs altitude approx. km. Conclusion: destroyed into separate small parts size dust particles.